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Arunachal Pradesh, the northeastern most state of India, is the biggest state amongst the NE states in terms of geographical area (83,743 sq. km).Lohit District is situated in the foot hills of eastern part of the Himalaya with a geographical area of 5212 sq. km, surrounded by Anjaw District in the East, Changlang District and Assam in the South, Part of Lower Dibang Valley District in the North, Assam State and part of Lower Dibang Valley District to the West. Lohit district experiences vast topographical and altitudinal variations that range from 140 to 686 meters above Mean Sea Level. The District is named after its principal river LOHIT, which flows through Eastern Tibet and enters India in Kibithoo area, and enters Lohit district at PARASHURAM KUND, a famous place of pilgrimage for the Hindus. River Kamlang and Noa Dihing are the other main rivers flowing across the Southern part of the district. Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for most of the people of Lohit district but the rivers traversing the region cause soil erosion which consequently pose serious problem like flood and water stagnation on the cropping areas. Lohit district can be broadly divided into following agro-ecological zones.

Agro-ecological zones of Lohit District

Circle	Agro-ecological zones	Altitudes (msl)
Lekang, Namsai,Chongkham, Piyong, Lathao	Sub-tropical-Riverine, plain-floodProne	140-177
Tezu, Sunpura	Sub-tropical-foot hill	154-210
Wakro	Sub temperate-mid hill	686

The climate of the district varies from place to place. The foot hill area is quite hot during summer (16 ⁰C -36 ⁰C) and moderately cold in winter, where as in the higher altitude places, the climate is pleasant during summer but the winter is extremely cold (5 ⁰C-25 ⁰C).

The rainfall of the district is also quite variable. Where Tezu recorded 110.43 mm of rainfall, Wakro recorded 3644.67 mm in for the year 2005. Again, in the year 2007 an average mean annual rainfall of 3516.5 mm was recorded.

The district is divided into 2 sub-divisions and 8 administrative circles. The district has a total population of 1,25,086 and 222 villages. Total ST population is 40,552 and SC population is 1796.

Sub-division	Circle	Year of set up	Distance from H.Q(km)	Population			Total No. of Households	Altitude (msl)
Sub-division	Circle	Year of set up	Distance from H.Q(km)	Total	Males	Females	Total No. of Households	(m)
A. Tezu	Tezu	1948	H.Q	16289	8941	7348	10631	210
A. Tezu	Sunpura	1982	30	4815	2542	2273	974	154
B.Namsai	Namsai	1953	Via Brumma kund =127.62 Via Alubarighat=57	16823	8964	7859	11747	140
	Chongkham	1956	Via Brumma kund =99.62 Via Alubarighat=27	20086	10766	9320	3845	177
	Wakro	1965	Via Brumma kund =60 Via Alubarighat=71	6809	3654	3155	1593	686
	Lekang	1977	Via Brumma kund =141 Via Alubarighat=65	24447	12753	11694	3948	140
	Piyong	1997	Via Brumma kund =144 Via Alubarighat=73	9055	4785	4270	9055	164
	Lathao	2005	Via Brumma kund =120 Via Alubarighat=47	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Land use pattern of Lohit district (2005-06)

Total geographical area :	5212 sq.km.
Net Area sown :	41977 ha
Fallow lands :	1866 ha
Current fallows :	2258 ha
Cultivable waste lands :	2088 ha
Forest cover :	10327.145 sq.km.
Barren and uncultivated lands :	48965 ha
Land put to not agricultural use :	1687 ha

The soil of the district is shallow, light-textured and low in fertility. These are acidic in reaction with pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. These soil types are quite productive.

Soil Type of the Lohit district(Circle wise)

S.No.	Circle	Soil texture
1	Lekang, Namsai, Chongkham, Lathao, Piyong	Alluvial clay loam soil
2	Tezu, Sunpura	Sandy loam soil
3	Wakro	Black sandy soil

Demographic overview (Census, 2001)

According to 2001 Population Census, the district had a population of 125086 persons comprising 67150 males and 57936 females. The Urban population is 26762 and rural population is 98324. The sex ratio, i.e. Number of females per thousand males is 862 and the density of population is 24 persons per sq. km. There were 28537 residential house holds in the district under 487 villages. And percentage of literacy is 56.07.

According to the census report, the scheduled caste population in the district is 18441 and scheduled tribe population is 14249.

In Lohit district, a portion of the population is tribal people, which constitutes 32.4% of the total population of the district. The major tribes inhabiting the Lohit district are the Mishmis, Khamptis and Sinphos. The other tribes are Deori, Mishing, Adi, Sonowal, Kachari, Ahom, Koibatra, Samua Miri and Napali. The Tibetans and Chakmas who came as refugees are also living in the districts. As per population census the total workers engaged in cultivation is 57.64%, where Males constitute 32.33% and Females 25.4%. Total agricultural labours is 6.53% in which, the Males constitute 3.70% and Females 2.83%.

LOHIT DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

(a)	Name of district	:Lohit
(b)	Head Quarter of the district	: Tezu
(c)	Number of sub-division(s)	: 2(two)
(d)	Name of the sub-divisions	:1)Tezu 2) Namsai
(e)	Total circle	: 8(Eight)
(f)	Total village	:487
(g)	River(s)	:14 (Lohit, Noadihing, Kamlang, Tengapani, Digaru, Berang, Teang, etc)
(h)	Nearest Airport	:Dibrugarh (Mohanbari)
(i)	Nearest railway station	:Tinsukia
(j)	Location of Helipad	: Tezu, Namsai, Mahadevpur
(k)	Bordering Districts/State	: Anjaw District- East, Changlang District -South, Part of Lower Dibang Valley District -North, part of Lower Dibang Valley District - West. Bordering state-Assam in South and West
(l)	Total population	: 125086 persons
	i. Male	: 67150 persons
	ii. Female	:57936 persons
(m)	Rural population	: 98324
	i. Male	:52405
	ii. Female	:45919
(n)	Urban population	:26762
	i. Male	:14745
	ii. Female	:12017
(o)	Density per sq.km.	: 24 persons per sq. km.
(p)	Literacy rate	: 47. 6%
	i. Male	: 55.5%
	ii. Female	:38.4%
(q)	S.T population	:40552
	i. Male	:20532
	ii. Female	:20020
(r)	S.C population of district	:1170
	i. Male	:663
	ii. Female	:551

Agricultural Statistics in Lohit District

Net area sown	40427 ha
Cropping intensity	103%
Area coverage under HYV	756 ha
Govt agriculture farm	01
Area under irrigation	4360 ha
Per capita net area sown	1.8 ha
Area brought under fertilizer (NPK)	1500 ha
Consumption of fertilizer	708 qt
Area coverage under plant protection measures	1300 ha
Land development under permanent cultivation	3945 ha
Total area under cereals (2007-08)	19377 ha
Total area under pulses (2007-08)	1865 ha
Total area under oilseeds (2007-08)	11423 ha
Total production of cereals (2007-08 )	34847 MT
Total production of pulses (2007-08)	2100 MT
Total production of Oilseeds (2007-08)	8930 MT

Principal crops, area, production and productivity

Sl. No.	Principal Crops	Area (in ha)	Production (in tones) (1 ton=1000kg)	Productivity (q/ha)
I	Cereals
1	Paddy (Irrigated)	2595	8356	32.2
2	Paddy (Rainfed )	7150	16302	22.8
3	Paddy-Jhum	800	592	7.4
4	Maize(Improved)	520	738	14.20
5	Maize-Local	7805	8117	10.40
6	Millet	92	78	8.50
7	Wheat	415	664	16.0
II	Pulses
1.	Black gram	635	610	9.60
2.	Green gram	215	194	9.0
3.	Pea	560	750	13.40
4.	Other (Local)	455	546	12.0
III	Oil Seeds
1.	Mustard	10778	8191	7.6
2.	Sesamum	160	80	5.0
3.	Soyabean	265	411	15.50
4.	Local Soyabean	180	198	11.0
IV	Other food grains
1.	Potato	620	5704	92.0
2.	Sugarcane	20	130	65.0

Irrigation status of the district

Irrigation
Area under irrigation		: 4360 ha
Irrigation potential		: 1297 ha
Source of irrigation
1.	Rivers	: 14 nos
2.	Tanks	:0 nos
3.	Open wells	:5 nos
4.	Bore wells	:0 nos
5.	Any other sources : Spring water well	:2 nos

The use of tank, tube well and wells are reported negligible in the district.

Circle wise livestock population (in number) of Lohit District(Latest census 2003)

Circle	Cattle	Buffalo	Sheep	Goat	Horse/Ponnies	Pig	Chicken	Duck	Dog	Rabbit	Mithun
Namsai	9276	369	-	1834	-	1112	13565	1274	1036	-	-
Lekang	29156	525	-	14917	327	13006	36708	18864	5829	-	-
Piyong	6970	865	-	2780	-	2100	9249	1827	946	-	-
Chongkham	17104	587	-	4434	-	2607	21591	2097	1289	-	-
Wakro	4501	-	-	1693	-	2111	11599	794	339	-	548
Lathao	4991	617	8	1792	-	794	10730	2641	808	-	-
Tezu	9295	-	-	6047	43	3809	19282	301	1070	-	792
Sunpura	9881	4802	-	1509	-	438	5398	315	340	11	42

Infrastructure facilities in Animal husbandry of Lohit District as on 31.03.2006

Circle	Veterinary hospital	Veterinary dispensary	Veterinary Aid centre	Cattle upgrading centre	DDL no.	A.I centre	Cattle breeding farm	Layer farm	Poultry breeding farm	Pig breeding farm
Namsai	NA	1	1	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lekang	NA	1	2	4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Piyong	NA	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Chongkham	NA	1	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Wakro	NA	1	1	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lathao	NA	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tezu	NA	1	2	5	1	1	1	1	1	1
Sunpura	NA	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Area and Production of Horticulture crops in Lohit District 2007-08

S. No.	Name of crop	Area in ha	Production in MT
Fruit Crops and Plantation crops
1	Orange ( Khasi mandarin )	2175.89	2460.86
2	Pineapple	135.38	514.88
3	Banana	111.29	1199.9
4	Papaya	16.58	29
5	Guava	15.9	8.86
6	Mango	16.51	4.42
7	Assam Lemon	26.35	60.06
8	Litchi	34.9	76.1
9	Coconut	76	56.6
10	Arecanut	11	1.50
11	Jackfruit	9	9
12	Vegetables	2300	6900
Tuber crops
13	Colocasia	925	4301
14	Tapioca	358	1653
15	Sweet potato	435	2001
Spices and condiments
16	Ginger	890	7324
17	Turmeric	110	387
18	Chilly	125	190
19	Garlic	23	42
20	Onion	15	39
21	Large cardamom	31.2	15.2
22	Black Pepper	50	28.5
Total		7918	25609

Source: DHO, Tezu

Fisheries in Lohit District

Lohit district is traversed by many rivers like Kamlang, Noa Dihing, Tenga pani, Teang, Bereng, Digaru etc. and the regions at the foot hills are covered with dense tropical forests and are intersected by deep ravines and water courses. All these rivers and the natural water bodies provide a good scope for development in the fishery sector.

Presently fish ponds under private and public sectors are 456 in number. Existing 71 ha areas are under pisiculture, and annual fish production is only 300 ton. The culture potential resources, in the shape of ponds and tanks etc are not utilized properly.

Fish products

The products, described below are either available in the local market all the year round or occasionally at the time of local festivals of the different tribes inhabiting the district. Some are ready to eat preparations (pasa, pachau, palam and paping) and are quite relished by the local people. These are consumed mainly with steamed rice (tupla bhat).

Pasa:

It is highly liked drink among the Khamti Tribe. Preparation involves deskinning of riverine fishes first and finely chopping the fish flesh first. Thereafter the skin and head parts are roasted and crushed. Finally these things are mixed with Orium leaf extract, some herbs, water and others are accepted with delicacy.

Pachau:

Fresh Riverine fishes are dressed and cut into pieces. Then it is mixed with locally available herbs and spices, and finally boiled for serving.

Palam:

Preparation is similar to Pachau but the mixed ingredients are poured into bamboo. A little water is then added and the mouth of the bamboo is covered with leaves and put over fire for cooking until the bamboo gets slightly burnt.

Paping:

Riverine fishes are dressed properly and scored. Then in bamboo stick, it is roasted by keeping by the side of fire. The golden coloured product is very much preferred by the local people.

Sun dried fish:

At the end of the rainy season, small fishes are caught from different water bodies which are then washed and kept for drying as such. Such types of dried fishes emit foul smell but are relished by the local people very much .

Smoked fish:

Small fishes collected from any type of water bodies are generally smoked. It becomes dark brown or golden in colour, and is sold in the local markets.

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